التشكيل المقطعي (مفهومه وعلاقته بالنبر اللغوي)
Abstract
المقطع الصوتي تركيب متماسك لا يمكن تفكيكه أو عزل أصواته عن بعضها ، وهو يقارب في كثير من الجوانب مفهوم (القطع) عند القدماء الذين اعتبروا المقطع في الصّوت حرفاً . وإذا كان المحدثون قد تأثروا ببعض ما قيل عنه في الدراسات اللغوية الغربيّة ، واعتبروه خمسة أنواع : (الأول والثاني والثالث) من اللغة الفصحى (والرابع والخامس) يستعملان في الوقف وعند الضرورة ؛ فقد كانت لنا نظرة خاصّة في تشكيل تلك الأنواع وعددها، ولم نر اعتبار المقطعين الأخيرين أمراً جائزاً ، لأن كلاّ منهما يتكوّن من مقطعين . وقد خرجنا بمفهوم التخامد الذي ينجم عنه مقطع يبدأ بحركة تخامديّة، ويتكوّن من همزة الوصل والصامت الذي بعدها ، أو من الغلقِ أو التضيّقِ في الجهاز النطقي عند نطق الصوت الصامت ؛ وتوصلنا إلى المقطع المشترك بين كلمتين ، ونبّهنا إلى العلاقات والروابط بين أصوات المقطع وطرائق تشكّله في الكلمة ، ودلّلنا على أثر (السوابق واللواحق) في التغيّرات المقطعيّة، وأماكن ارتكاز النبر اللغوي وارتباطه بالناحية النفسية، والعادات اللغوية والقوانين الصوتيّة.
Although we have certain proofs of their existence, especially in scientific practice and not in theory, syllables do not appear clearly in ancient linguistics studies. Some Arab modernists are influenced by what may be termed western linguistics studies. They have identified five kinds: the first three forms derived Standard Arabic, and the fourth and fifth forms are used when necessary . We pay special attention to their formation, taking the two final vocal syllables into consideration because each one is made up of two syllables. Then, we study the meaning of lowering the sound which triggers the syllable that begins with a low movement. We have stressed the correlation between words.
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